Serial № 1. Paper code: 23.01.2008

Title: Determination of angular diameters of sky objects and angular distances between them with use of Drift method

Author: D. Yakhimovich

Notes: The work is made under supervising of senior lecturer of General and Theoretical Department of Samara State University Philippov Ju.P.  It is represented on Samara region conference of school scientific research works  at  2008.

Abstract

In the present work the new technique of determination of angular diameters of classical planets and angular distances between sky objects, based on drift method  is developed. The problem of determination of visible movement angular velocity of sky object is solved. The inaccuracy of a popular belief in limitation of the approached formula for the given parameter at big δ is strictly proved. The problem of determination of distance up to classical planets is solved. The new technique has been approbated with use of the observation data for Jupiter, Saturn, Mars (from different years). The single phenomenological parameter – linear equatorial diameter of a planet was used only. The received values of angular diameters and distances are confidently coincided with the corresponding values generated by known computer programs Orbits 3.0, RedShift 3.

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Serial № 2. Paper code: 24.01.2008

Title: Determination of the sky object declination according to the data of two measurements of its horizontal coordinates

Author: A. Stratulat

Notes: The work is made under supervising of senior lecturer of General and Theoretical Department of Samara State University Philippov Ju.P.  It is represented on Samara region conference of school scientific research works  at  2008.

Abstract

In the given work the new method of determination of the sky object declination (δ) is formulated according to the data of its horizontal coordinates and latitude of observation place. Formulas for δ and its absolute error are calculated. The given results are corrected for a refraction. The algorithm of definition of true value δ among the received roots is represented. The numerical analysis of the received results with use of Jupiter data observation is executed. It is shown, that the absolute error for δ is decreased with growth of object height owing to reduction of refraction influence and reduction of device error. The error is rather small. It is equal to 3-4 % and can be reduced by means of increase of measurements amounts. The received results are reliably consistent to the data of computer program Orbits 3.0 and an astronomical calendar.

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Serial № 3. Paper code: 25.01.2008

Title: Determination of the angle velocity of Earth rotation

Author: A. Simonov

Notes: The work is made under supervising of senior lecturer of General and Theoretical Department of Samara State University Philippov Ju.P.  It is represented on XVII All-Russia scientific - practical conference for the gifted school-boys «Intel-Dinastiya-Avangard 2008». The work is awarded with the third degree diploma of the winner in section "Theoretical Physics".
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Abstract

In the given work the new technique of determination of Earth rotation angular velocity (ω_Å) is offered. The problem of determination of visible movement angular velocity of sky object is solved. Unambiguous analitical connection between the specified parameter and ω_Å is derived. The exact and approximate formulas for ω_Å, Δω_Å are received by the account of a refraction. The inaccuracy of a popular belief in limitation of the approached formula in definition of angular scales of sky objects (at big δ) is strictly proved. The numerical analysis of the received results with use of Jupiter observation data is made. It is shown, that the absolute error, Δω_Å is small and in the majority of experiments does not exceed 1 %. Unfortunately, the numerical results received on the available data, do not strictly allow to fix non-uniform character of Earth rotation. However it is revealed a number of the indirect facts specifying the presence of the last one.

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Serial № 4. Paper code: 26.01.2008

Title: The quantitative analysis of Galilean satellites motion. Estimation of mass and average mass density of Jupiter

Author: A. Kalimullina

Notes: The work is made under supervising of senior lecturer of General and Theoretical Department of Samara State University Philippov Ju.P.  It is represented on XVII All-Russia scientific - practical conference for the gifted school-boys «Intel-Dinastiya-Avangard 2008».

Abstract

In the given work the new technique of definition of а) angular distances between satellites and Jupiter, based on the drift method, b) their basic kinematic parameters (orbit radius, period and a polar angle), c) mass and average mass density of the Jupiter is offered. The problem of determination of distance up to classical planets is also solved. The numerical analysis of analytical results is executed with use of the Jupiter system observation data derived by the elementary equipment of the astronomer–amateur (taking into account a refraction). Our results for radiuses of orbits and periods of galilean satellites are confidently consistent with the results of astronomers - professionals. It is shown, that our results for mass and average mass density of the Jupiter are rather close to corresponding tabulared values. Two phenomenological parameters are only used in the given work .

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Serial № 5. Paper code: 27.01.2008

Title: The Role of chain reactions in human activity

Author: O. Kondrashov

Notes: The work is made under supervising of senior lecturer of General and Theoretical Department of Samara State University Philippov Ju.P. It is represented on XVII All-Russia scientific - practical conference for the gifted school-boys «Intel-Dinastiya-Avangard 2008».  The work is awarded with the second degree diploma of the winner in section "Theoretical Physics".
 

Abstract

The review of bases of the modern theory of chain reactions is represented in the given work. The general solution of the differential equations system describing dependences of amounts of  non-decay nucleus  for the first n-elements of decay chain A₁→A₂→A₃ → A₄ → ... →A_n-1→A_n →...  is derived in two cases with use of mathematical induction method. These cases are 1) specific case (at the initial moment t=0 there was only isotope A₁, in amount N₀₁), and 2) general case (at the initial moment  there was a mix of isotopes A₁, A₂, A₃..., A_n-1, A_n... in amounts N₀₁, N₀₂, N₀₃..., N_0n). The numerical analysis of two reactions of nuclear energy sources production (²³⁹Pu, ²³³U) is executed. These reactions proceed  in nuclear reactors together with chain reactions of decay ²³⁵U. The elementary model of calculation of critical mass for a sphere from nuclear energy source without taking into account a reflecting environment  is represented.

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Serial № 6. Paper code: 28.01.2008

Title: A critical radius of comet tail particles is as one of crucial parameters in the description of comet evolution  (Lagrange's  approach)

Author: Yu. A. Snetkova

Notes: The work is made under supervising of senior lecturer of General and Theoretical Department of Samara State University Philippov Ju.P.  It is represented on All-Russia competition of student research works on astronomy "Astronet-2004" (the first degree diploma of the winner).

Abstract

The analytical expression for critical radius of the spherical particle taking into account as gravitation of the Sun and comet nucleus as light pressure is derived in the given work. The numerical analysis of the given result with use of the data for 1P/Halley comet is submitted. Motion laws of comet nucleus and comet tail particle for 1P/Halley are received in the framework of the restricted three body problem. The opportunity of formation of different types of comet tails is shown on concrete examples. The analytical result for "evaporation sphere" radius of comet matter is submitted. Dependence of the given result on a mass of comet nucleus is investigated. The comparative analysis for "evaporation sphere" radius is represented for the Sun and other stars in case of 1P/Halley comet.

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Title: The quantitative analysis of Yarkovsky effect

Author: I. Pogildyakova

Notes: The work is made under supervising of teacher of additional education on astronomy, the head of astroclub " Apogee" Yu. A. Snetkova. It is represented on Samara region conference of school scientific research works  and XV All-Russia Vernadsky competition of youthful research works at 2008.

Abstract

In the given work the actual problem of calculation and analysis of reaction force of radiation for Yarkovsky effect  is considered. The force is calculated for spherical non-rotating asteroids with use of new theoretical results (differential spherical albedo, Bond albedo, surface temperature), received within the framework of the developed model. Feature of the model is an application of geometrical optics laws for particles with radius bigger some limiting value, and correct original combination of elements classical (geometrical optics, classical mechanics) and quantum (the quantum theory of radiation of a grey body) theory in calculation of reaction force. Measurement of reaction force of radiation gives a unique real possibility authentically to determine from ground observations weight and density of small asteroids. It is important for an estimation of the potential threat of them. The account of this phenomenon will allow to establish probability of dangerous rapproachement of an asteroid with our planet.

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Title: A light pressure force acting on a dust particle of comet  tail

Author: D. Kinelskaya

Notes: The work is made under supervising of teacher of additional education on astronomy, the head of astroclub " Apogee" Yu. A. Snetkova. It is represented on Samara region conference of school scientific research works  and XVII All-Russia scientific - practical conference for the gifted school-boys «Intel-Dinastiya-Avangard 2008» at 2008.  The work is awarded with the special diploma and  the monetary premium of company Intel in section "Theoretical physics".

Abstract

In the given work the problem of calculation and analysis of the pressure force of Sun electromagnetic radiation acting on a spherical particle of comet tail, corresponding mechanical potential and effective pressure is considered in geometrical optics approximation. The rough estimated expressions for light pressure force for spherical particle are used in the majority of works on comet researches. Owing to the previous talk the construction of algorithm of calculation of the specified characteristics at higher level of accuracy is carried out in the given work. It is achieved by the account of geometrical form of a particle, processes of reflection, refraction and absorption of light beams by particle body. By the construction of mechanical potential we can correctly take into account the  action of light pressure on comet tail particle in solution of its motion laws in circumsolar space in frameworks of Lagrange or Hamilton formalisms. Research of kinematics of comets tails will allow to receive the information on  interplanetary magnetic field, solar activity and other characteristics of the interplanetary environment.

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Title: A Determination of radius of comet nucleus

Author: A. Nazarova

Notes: The work is made under supervising of teacher of additional education on astronomy, the head of astroclub " Apogee" Yu. A. Snetkova. It is represented on Samara region conference of school scientific research works  and All-Russia conference-competition «Yunior» at 2008. 

Abstract

The algorithm of calculation of comet nucleus radius with use of new model (based on geometrical optics method) of interaction of solar radiation with spherical comet nucleus is offered in the given work. The numerical analysis of analytical results for nucleus radius is executed for 12 comets. It is shown, that new numerical results are in good agreement to predecessors results. These fact specifies validity of the offered algorithm. Besides analytical expressions for geometrical albedo and phase function of the spherical nucleus, connected with differential scattering cross section are received. It is shown, that geometrical albedo strongly depends on a refraction index of comet nucleus medium. The new analytical expression for heliocentric magnitude is also used. It is more exact because takes into account values of phase function.

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Title: A force of solar wind pressure acting on a spherical particle of comet  tail

Author: M. Unzhina

Notes: The work is made under supervising of teacher of additional education on astronomy, the head of astroclub " Apogee" Yu. A. Snetkova. It is represented on Samara region conference of school scientific research works  and XV All-Russia Vernadsky competition of youthful research works at 2008. 

Abstract

The precision calculation of 1) pressure force of solar wind plasma acting on spherical dust particle of comet tail and 2) the corresponding effective pressure is made in the given work. The given analytical results are investigated in cases of dependences on particle radius, and its heliocentric distance. It is shown, that the main contribution to pressure force is defined by protons. It is established, that pressure of a solar wind does not depend on radius of a particle and essentially decreases with growth of heliocentric distance of particle. The comparative analysis of light and solar wind pressure for silicate particle of comet tail (for distance = 1 аu) is represented. The mechanical potential of solar wind pressure is constructed. The given characteristics determine 1) the parameters playing a key role in the description of comets evolution; 2) motion laws of particles and nucleus being "the access code" in direct space researches of comet matter.

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